WTO Subsidy Disciplines

Abstract Decades of negotiation to extend the GATT/WTO system address subsidies have never produced sort uniform, scheduled rules that apply tariffs or even services. Instead, WTO members developed demarcate permissible and impermissible subsidies. In this paper, I argue approach is now hampered by shifts in share global trade away from geopolitically aligned, wealthy states growth supply chains. These pressures were magnified accession China, with its centrality recurrent geopolitical tensions United States. The challenges facing cooperation over suggest limits ability for a ‘rules based’ handle substantial changes trading system.